Annual Summary

Modelo 111 and Modelo 190: When You Have to File the Withholdings You Make

October 16, 2026

Whether you know about withholding depends a lot on who you invoice. If you’re a professional and your clients are Spanish companies or autónomos (self-employed workers), you see it on every invoice: the client deducts 15% of IRPF (personal income tax) and pays it in to Hacienda in your name. If you invoice clients abroad or private individuals, or your activity is a business one (a shop, a workshop), you can spend years as an autónomo without ever seeing a withholding.

Modelo 390: What Spain's Annual VAT Summary Is and How It Ties to Your Quarterly Returns

August 28, 2026

Four quarterly modelo 303 returns, four payments to the Agencia Tributaria, and then at the end of the tax year comes one more declaration: the modelo 390. For many autónomos (self-employed workers) this is the one that generates the most questions — not because it’s complicated, but because it’s not clear what it’s actually for if you’ve already filed all four 303s for the year.

The short answer: the 390 is not a new tax payment. It’s the year-end close. The document that says “here’s everything I charged, everything I paid, and everything I’ve settled with the tax authority over the year, added up”. It’s also your last chance to spot anything in the quarterly returns that doesn’t add up.