IRPF

Modelo 111 and Modelo 190: When You Have to File the Withholdings You Make

October 16, 2026

Whether you know about withholding depends a lot on who you invoice. If you’re a professional and your clients are Spanish companies or autónomos (self-employed workers), you see it on every invoice: the client deducts 15% of IRPF (personal income tax) and pays it in to Hacienda in your name. If you invoice clients abroad or private individuals, or your activity is a business one (a shop, a workshop), you can spend years as an autónomo without ever seeing a withholding.

Does What You Pay Each Quarter in Modelo 130 Come Back in Your Tax Return? How the Two Cross, With Numbers

October 14, 2026

Spain's Two-Month Rule: You Sold at a Loss and Bought Back. Can You Deduct It?

October 2, 2026

You sell some shares at a loss to offset gains elsewhere, and a week later (because you still believe in the company, or because of an automatic order) you buy again. It is one of the most common situations in any portfolio, and the question that comes with it is rarely «what does the rule say?» but «does it apply to what I hold?»

The short answer: it depends on what you sold, where it is listed and what you bought back. And one starting idea worth keeping: the rule does not take the loss away from you. It stops you from deducting it now; you get it back later. That is why this article is organised by what you hold, not by the order of the legal text.

Index Fund or ETF: Why the Fund Usually Wins in Spain (and the Condition Almost Nobody Checks)

September 8, 2026

If you’ve read anything about passive investing, you’ve probably come across this idea: an index fund and an ETF tracking the same index are, in practice, the same product with a different wrapper. Similar fees, same diversification, same “don’t try to beat the market” philosophy. And up to that point, it’s true.

What almost nobody spells out with the same detail is that, in Spain, they’re not taxed the same at all. One lets you move your money from one place to another without paying tax along the way. The other doesn’t. And the advantage of the first one is only real if a very specific condition is met, one that most people don’t even know exists, let alone check.

I Bill 40,000 Euros a Year as a Freelancer: This Is What I Actually Keep (2026)

May 28, 2026

Note: the “I” in the title is an example, not a real person. This article works through a hypothetical case —a typical freelancer billing 40,000 euros (net of VAT) a year— so you can follow the numbers step by step using the official contribution and tax figures in force.

When someone asks how much you earn as an autónomo (a self-employed worker / freelancer) and you say “I bill forty thousand a year”, the next question should be: “yeah, but how much do you actually keep”. Because between billing forty thousand and having forty thousand in your pocket there’s a chasm that only those who live it understand.

Depreciation for autónomos: what it is, the official tables and worked examples

May 20, 2026

You’ve just bought a 2,000-euro laptop for your work as an autónomo (self-employed worker). You have the invoice, the IVA (VAT) is clear, and you assume you’ll deduct the whole thing this year like any other expense. But no: that laptop is a capital asset, and for tax purposes it doesn’t work like that.

What you have to do is depreciate it. Spread its cost over several years, following the tables published by the Spanish Tax Agency (Agencia Tributaria). The concept isn’t complicated, but it has its nuances. Let’s break them down.

How your investments are taxed in Spain: a practical IRPF guide

May 6, 2026

One of the questions that comes up most when someone starts investing is: and how do I declare this? The short answer is that the Spanish Tax Agency (Agencia Tributaria) wants its share of what you earn by investing. The long answer is that the system has its nuances, and knowing them can save you quite a bit of money.

This article explains in a practical way how the main investment products are taxed in Spain, without beating around the bush and without claiming to replace a tax adviser.

Deductible expenses for the self-employed under simplified direct assessment: the complete list (2026)

April 30, 2026

One of the advantages of being self-employed (autónomo) compared with an employee is that you can deduct the expenses necessary to carry out your activity before being taxed. That reduces the taxable base and, therefore, what you pay in IRPF (Spanish personal income tax).

But “expenses necessary for the activity” has a specific definition in tax law, and not everything that might seem deductible actually is. This guide gathers the most common deductible expenses under simplified direct assessment (estimación directa simplificada), with the nuances worth knowing.

Quarterly IRPF for the self-employed: what modelo 130 is and when you don't have to file it

April 30, 2026